مکانیک ساختارهای هوشمند

مکانیک ساختارهای هوشمند

مروری یکپارچه بر اثر فشرده‌سازی لایه انتشار گاز و ریخت شناسی لایه کاتالیست بر عملکرد کاتد پیل‌های سوختی پلیمری با رویکرد روش شبکه بولتزمن

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان
1 عضو هیئت علمی مکانیک موسسه آموزش عالی وحدت تربت جام. ایران
2 دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند تبریز، تبریز، ایران
10.30511/jmms.2026.2096544.1072
چکیده
پیل‌های سوختی پلیمری از سامانه‌های نویدبخش تبدیل انرژی برای کاربردهای حمل‌ونقل و نیروگاهی به شمار می‌روند. عملکرد کاتد به برهم‌کنش فرایندهای انتقال جرم و واکنش‌های الکتروشیمیایی در لایه انتشار گاز ، لایه ریز متخلخل و لایه کاتالیست وابسته است. در این مقاله، اثر فشرده‌سازی لایه انتشار گاز و ریخت‌شناسی لایه کاتالیست بر عملکرد کاتد با تأکید بر روش شبکه بولتزمن به‌صورت یکپارچه بررسی شده است. اثر فشرده‌سازی لایه انتشار گاز بر تخلخل، اتصال‌پذیری منافذ، نفوذپذیری، انتقال اکسیژن، مدیریت آب و توزیع چگالی جریان و همچنین نقش ریخت‌شناسی لایه کاتالیست شامل ساختار منافذ، توزیع کاتالیست، ویژگی توده‌های تجمعی و سطح فعال الکتروشیمیایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نتایج مطالعات نشان می‌دهند که اثر فشرده‌سازی لایه انشار گاز الزاماً یکنواخت یا کاهشی نیست و به ویژگی‌های ریزساختاری، قطر الیاف و میزان فشردگی وابسته است. همچنین، عملکرد لایه کاتالیست تابع تعادل میان سطح فعال قابل ‌دسترسی و مقاومت انتقال جرم است. در مجموع، یافته‌ها بر ضرورت بهینه ‌سازی یکپارچه معماری لایه انتشار گاز – لایه کاتالست – لایه ریز متخلخل برای بهبود انتقال اکسیژن، مدیریت آب و بهره ‌برداری الکتروشیمیایی تأکید دارند. توسعه مدل‌های سه ‌بعدی، چند فازی و واکنشی َشبکه بولتزمن مبتنی بر ریزساختارهای بازسازی ‌شده و اعتبارسنجی تجربی، از مهم‌ترین مسیرهای آینده پژوهش است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Integrated Review of Gas Diffusion Layer Compression and Catalyst Layer Morphology in PEM Fuel Cell Cathodes: A Lattice Boltzmann Method Perspective

نویسندگان English

Mehran Nazemian 1
mehrdad nazemian 2
1 Mechanic Faculty member of Vahdat Torbat Jam Higher Education Institute, Iran
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده English

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising energy conversion systems for transportation and stationary applications. Cathode performance depends on the interaction of mass transport and electrochemical reactions within the gas diffusion layer (GDL), microporous layer (MPL), and catalyst layer (CL). This review provides an integrated assessment of the effects of GDL compression and CL morphology on cathode performance, with particular emphasis on the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). The effects of GDL compression on porosity, pore connectivity, permeability, oxygen transport, water management, and current-density distribution, as well as the roles of CL morphology, including pore structure, catalyst distribution, agglomerate characteristics, and electrochemically active surface area, are examined. The reviewed studies indicate that GDL compression does not necessarily cause a monotonic deterioration in performance, as its effects depend on microstructural characteristics, fiber diameter, and compression level. Likewise, CL performance is governed by a balance between accessible electrochemical surface area and mass-transport resistance. Overall, the findings highlight the need for integrated optimization of the GDL–MPL–CL architecture to improve oxygen transport, water management, and electrochemical utilization. Future research should focus on three-dimensional, multiphase, and reactive LBM models based on reconstructed microstructures and systematic experimental validation.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell
Catalyst Layer
GDL Compression
Catalyst Layer Morphology
Lattice Boltzmann Method
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